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Plotters and slide rules allow pilots to plot ground tracks on airspace charts such as sectionals, and topographical maps. The straight edge can then be used to measure the distance and compare it to the scale of the map. Pilots must also ensure to account for the magnetic variance of their compass.
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This track is measured in map north, which, depending on the map could be coincident with true north – to calculate the magnetic track a pilot must then apply magnetic deviation.
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What is an aviation plotter?Īt its most basic, a flight plotter can consist of a straight edge to draw a lime and a protractor to measure angles – the leg track, which is always measured halfway along the track to average out magnetic errors.
#Computer air navigation license
You’ll need an aviation flight plot once local training sorties are completed, all the way through to the general flying progress test or restricted license category.
#Computer air navigation software
Some, like the Enhanced Software Configurable Air Data Unit (ESCADU) are software configurable to suit many different aircraft applications.Īpart from commercial ADCs implementation, there are available do-it-yourself, and Open implementations.Aviation flight plotters are a crucial part of cross country navigation, and learning to use them well is a core step in any private and commercial pilot license training. These devices are usually autonomous and do not require pilot input, merely sending continuously updated data to the recipient systems while the aircraft is powered up. The data provided may be true airspeed, pressure altitude, density altitude and Outside Air Temperature (OAT), but with no involvement in aircraft attitude or heading, as there are no gyroscopes or accelerometers fitted internally. Output interfaces typically are ARINC 429, Gillham or even IEEE1394 (Firewire). As on simpler aircraft there is usually not a fly by wire system, the outputs are typically to the cockpit altimeters or display system, flight data recorder and autopilot system. They commonly have the pitot and static pressure inputs, as well as outside air temperature from a platinum resistance thermometer and may control heating of the pitot tube and static vent to prevent blockage due to ice. In simpler aircraft including helicopters the Air Data Computers, generally two in number, and smaller, lighter and simpler than an ADIRU, may be called Air Data Units, although their internal computational power is still significant. As all information from the sensors is transmitted electrically, routing of pitot and static pressure lines through the aircraft and associated maintenance tasks can be avoided. On the Embraer Embraer E-Jet family the concept has been refined further by splitting air data acquisition and measuring - performed by combined pitot/static "air data smart probes" with integrated sensors - and computation of parameters performed by "air data applications" (ADA) executed on non-dedicated processing units. In Airbus aircraft the air data computer is combined with altitude, heading and navigation sources in a single unit known as the Air Data Inertial Reference Unit (ADIRU) this has now been replaced by the Global Navigation Air Data Inertial Reference System (GNADIRS).
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Aircraft fitted included the A-4 Skyhawk, A-6 Intruder, A-7 Corsair, C-5A/B Galaxy, EA-6B Prowler, F-111 Aardvark, F-4 Phantom, S-3 Viking, C-141 Starlifter, C-135 Stratolifter, C-2 Greyhound, and E-2 Hawkeye, for which the company received the Queens Award for Technological Achievement. This enables computation of static air temperature and true airspeed.įrom the late 1980s much of the USAF and USN aircraft fleets were retrofitted with the GEC Avionics Rochester developed Standard Centralised Air Data Computer (SCADC). Īir data computers usually also have an input of total air temperature. The first air data computer patented in the US was developed by John H. In some very high speed aircraft such as the Space Shuttle, equivalent airspeed is calculated instead of calibrated airspeed. This computer, rather than individual instruments, can determine the calibrated airspeed, Mach number, altitude, and altitude trend data from an aircraft's pitot-static system. An air data computer ( ADC) is an essential avionics component found in modern aircraft.